Welfare Reform in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Government assistance Reform in the US - Essay Example Medication testing for government assistance beneficiaries would set aside cash and viably limit the quantity of medication abusers gathering cash. Every year in the United States, around 400 billion dollars is given to residents as government assistance. The beneficiaries are unemployed or don't bring in enough cash to carry on with a sound, but essential, way of life. The money help given is utilized towards lodging, bills and utilities, food, and garments, and the essential center is guaranteeing that any youngsters included are being dealt with. In spite of the fact that numerous beneficiaries utilize their cash to ensure their families have food in their stomachs and a rooftop over their heads, approximately 20% of beneficiaries utilize their administration help to fuel their unlawful medication use. They might be in a similar monetary trouble as others on government assistance, however as opposed to utilizing their administration help to improve the nature of their lives, they use it to aggravate it progressively. It has been recommended that individuals who apply for government assistance ought to be tranquilize tried before being permitted to get money help from the legislature. By tranquilize testing beneficiaries, the administration can remove the individuals who can possibly mishandle the framework by utilizing their cash on unlawful substances. ...It nearly turns into an instance of who is all the more meriting government help. Nonetheless, a requirement for it has emerged. Medication testing potential government assistance beneficiaries can be fiscally helpful for the legislature. On the off chance that they quit providing drug addicts with cash, that cash can be put to other state or national employments. The additional cash can likewise be put towards different families that need monetary help and will spend the cash on necessities. Another conceivable result that could come because of medication testing beneficiaries is that by cutting medicatio n abusers from an essential wellspring of cash, at that point the medication clients will have less chance to acquire drugs. At long last, more cash will exist for the individuals who genuinely need it to improve their lives, and progressively less cash will be accessible for the medication abusers to take care of their compulsion.

Analysis of Financial Modeling Literature review

Examination of Financial Modeling - Literature survey Example We start the section with the general thought of the VaR and the different ways to deal with the VaR, the notable application and the utilization of the equivalent. We likewise incorporate the assessment of the VaR at the various potential methodologies in the investigation; a last end is made by the figurings completed in the examination. Presentation: The ‘value at risk’ is a broadly utilized hazard measure idea in the danger of misfortune on a specific arrangement of money related resources. For a predetermined portfolio, likelihood and time skyline, VaR is portrayed as an edge cost with the end goal that the likelihood that the market misfortune on the portfolio over the specific time skyline go past this worth is the realized likelihood level. VaR has distinctive significant uses in money related hazard the board, chance evaluation, monetary control, detailing of the budget report and figuring the capital guideline by examining the Various ideas. VaR can likewise be utilized in non-budgetary viewpoints. The VaR hazard appraisal characterizes chance as a market misfortune on a changeless portfolio over a constant time skyline, by investigating the typical markets. There are numerous alternative hazard techniques in money. As a substitute of imprint to-showcase, which utilizes the market an incentive to characterize misfortune, a misfortune is much of the time characterized as the change in chief worth. For example, if an association hold an advance that decrease in advertise cost as the premium energize go, however has no change in incomes or credit quality, a few frameworks don't recognize a misfortune. Or then again we can attempt to incorporate the monetary cost of assets, which was not determined in ordinary fiscal reports, for example, loss of market affirmation or worker certainty, pulverization of brand names and so on. â€Å"VaR measures are naturally probabilistic† (Holton 2003, p. 107). Respectably accepting a constant portfoli o over a fixed time skyline, a few hazard measures incorporate the outcome of likely activity and accept the normal speculation time of position. In conclusion, some hazard methodology modify for the plausible impacts of sporadic markets, as opposed to barring them from the calculation.â

Positive Reinforcement and Operant Conditioning

Positive Reinforcement and Operant Conditioning Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Positive Reinforcement and Operant Conditioning Positive reinforcement can be used to teach new behaviors By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 25, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 29, 2019  Illustration by Joshua Seong, Verywell More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future. When a favorable outcome, event, or reward occurs after an action, that particular response or behavior will be strengthened. One of the easiest ways to remember positive reinforcement is to think of it as something being added. By thinking of it in these terms, you may find it easier to identify real-world examples of positive reinforcement. Sometimes positive reinforcement occurs quite naturally. For example, when you hold the door open for someone you might receive praise and a thank you. That affirmation serves as positive reinforcement and may make it more likely that you will hold the door open for people again in the future. In other cases, someone might choose to use positive reinforcement very deliberately in order to train and maintain a specific behavior. An animal trainer, for example, might reward a dog with a treat after the animal shakes the trainers hand and pauses for a count of five.   Examples of Positive Reinforcement There are many examples of positive reinforcement in action. Consider the following examples: After you execute a turn during a skiing lesson, your instructor shouts out, Great job!At work, you exceed this months sales quota, so your boss gives you a bonus.For your psychology class, you watch a video about the human brain and write a paper about what you learned. Your instructor gives you 20 extra credit points for your work. Can you identify the positive reinforcement in each of these examples? The ski instructor offering praise, the employer giving a bonus, and the teacher providing bonus points are all positive reinforcers. In each of these situations, the reinforcement is an additional stimulus occurring after the behavior that increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future. An important thing to note is that positive reinforcement is not always a good thing.?? For example, when a child misbehaves in a store, some parents might give them extra attention or even buy the child a toy. Children quickly learn that by acting out, they can gain attention from the parent or even acquire objects that they want. Essentially, parents are reinforcing the misbehavior. In this case, a better solution would be to use positive reinforcement when the child is displaying good behavior. Instead of rewarding the misbehavior, the parents would want to wait until the child is behaving well and then reward that good behavior with praise, treats, or even a toy. Different Types of Positive Reinforcers There are many different types of reinforcers that can be used to increase behaviors, but it is important to note that the type of reinforcer used depends on the individual and the situation. While gold stars and tokens might be very effective reinforcement for a second-grader, they are not going to have the same effect on a high school or college student. Natural reinforcers are those that occur directly as a result of the behavior. For example, a girl studies hard, she pays attention in class, and she does her homework. As a result, she gets excellent grades.Token reinforcers are points or tokens that are awarded for performing certain actions. These tokens can then be exchanged for something of value.Social reinforcers involve expressing approval of a behavior, such as a teacher, parent, or employer saying or writing Good job or Excellent work.Tangible reinforcers involve presenting actual, physical rewards such as candy, treats, toys, money, and other desired objects. While these types of rewards can be powerfully motivating, they should be used sparingly and with caution.?? When Is Positive Reinforcement Most Effective? When used correctly, positive reinforcement can be very effective.?? Positive reinforcement is most effective when it occurs immediately after the behavior. Reinforcement should be presented enthusiastically and should occur frequently. The shorter the amount of time between a behavior and presenting positive reinforcement, the stronger the connection will be.If a long period elapses between the behavior and the reinforcement, the weaker the connection will be.The longer the time, the more likely it becomes that an intervening behavior might accidentally be reinforced. In addition to the type of reinforcement used, the presentation schedule can also play a role in the strength of the response. These  schedules of reinforcement  can have a powerful influence on how strongly a response is and how often it occurs.?? A Word From Verywell Positive reinforcement can be an effective learning tool when used appropriately. Sometimes this type of learning occurs naturally through normal interactions with the environment. In other cases, people are able to use this behavioral technique to help teach new behaviors. Some important things to consider when using positive reinforcement include the type of reinforcers that will be used and the schedule that will be employed to train the new behavior.

Theme of Madness and Causes Hamlet and Ophelia Essay

In Shakespeares Hamlet, there are two characters that display qualities of insanity. Specifically, Hamlet and Ophelia, although they both appear to be mad at times, their downfall (or supposed downfall) is quite different. Ophelias madness seems complete while Hamlets is questionable throughout the play. Hamlets madness comes and goes; Ophelias does not. Ophelia tells no one that she is mad; on the other hand, Hamlet shows everyone about his madness. Hamlet turns his madness on and off depending on the company he keeps. Ophelia on the other hand, cannot handle the loss of Hamlets love, her brothers absence, and her fathers death. It is all too much for her and she snaps. Hamlet and Ophelia’s position in society, along with the†¦show more content†¦Hamlet’s state of clinical depression was diagnosed as having too much black bile in the body, but also during that time period the presence of psychological disorders is recognized through just one disorder,  "madness†. Having too much black bile in the body would show melancholy moods and other abnormal behavior (Diderot Pg.308). First Hamlet puts on, â€Å"†¦an antic disposition.† (1.5.172) then he uses the symptoms of a madman to carry the disposition out. The symptoms from the excess black bile signals melancholia depression from the grief of â€Å"†¦his father’s death and our hasty marriage† as Gertrude explains to Claudius (2.2.57). The death of his father and marriage of his mother could be considered a significant conflict in Hamlet’s life. But because of his notoriety in Denmark he’s forced to grieve in silence and even in silence he is told to, â€Å"†¦cast thy knighted color off/ and let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark† (1.2.68). Gertrude persuades Hamlet through his love for her to silence himself about the death of his father. Hamlet’s use of wit to simulate madness is that of what only a genius could make of. Hamlet uses a direct tone to talk to those who threaten him, for example: Polonius, Hamlet despises his way of collecting information it is a lack of shame deserving worse than death itself. Polonius says, â€Å"He knew meShow MoreRelatedPoison Motif Within Hamlet By William Shakespeare1227 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout Hamlet The concept of poison is all around society: poisonous people, poisonous ideas, and poisonous environments; however, the poison in society cannot be avoided, it’s inevitable some would say. As Michael Uhl once put it â€Å"you’ve got to pick your poison†, and hope for the least of the evils, which unfortunately is not always the case. In Shakespeare s Hamlet, the motif of poison functions to be the symbol of corruption throughout the play that highlights the theme of death, madness, and theRead MoreEssay about Theme of Madness Conveyed in Shakespeares Hamlet1150 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet, one of the most evident and important themes is the theme of madness. The theme is apparent throughout the play, mainly through the actions and thoughts of Hamlet, Ophelia, and Laertes. Madness is defined as the quality or condition of mental illness or derangement (being insane). Madness is at the center of the conflicts and problems of the play and is conveyed through Shakespeare’s elaborate use of manipulation and parallels between Hamlet, Ophelia, and Laertes to contributeRead MoreThe Madness Of Shakespeare s Hamlet978 Words   |  4 PagesMind: The Madness of Shakespeare s Hamlet Madness, understood as an abnormal state of mind, broadens across a spectrum of unrecognizable or worrying behaviors. Numerous Shakespearian performances touch on the theme of madness, though Shakespeare s Hamlet displays the idea rather clearly because of the difficulties that the main character endures. Prince Hamlet is troubled by the lack of grieving from his mother after his father had died. Hamlet s mother, Queen Gertrude, remarries Hamlet s uncleRead MoreHamlet : Revenge, Uncertainty, And Madness1252 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is one of William Shakespeare’s tragedy play surrounded with three major themes: Revenge, Uncertainty, and Madness. Throughout the play, the theme Madness is surrounding the protagonist, Hamlet. Although, nowadays, Hamlet’s madness is still an enigma to the readers. His words and actions are highly debated whether he is deeply submerged in the sea of madness or he is merely acting. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, madness is â€Å"the state of having serious mental sickness, or showingRead MoreEssay about Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet1007 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet In Hamlet, one of Shakespeares greatest tragedies, there is a prevailing theme that is concurrent throughout the play. Throughout the play, all the characters appear to be one thing on the outside, yet on the inside they are completely different. The theme of appearance versus reality is prominent in Hamlet because of the fact that the characters portray themselves different from what they really are. In the playRead MoreHamlet : Five Acts Of Acting844 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet: Five Acts of Acting William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is a dramatic play, or perhaps a number of plays within a play. Hamlet himself is the greatest actor throughout the play. The acting motif, used in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, is mirrored through practically every scene and affects each character. Hamlet definitely acts throughout the play, although it is passionately debated whether or not his ‘madness’ is fictitious. Hamlet may be acting—attempting to concoct this madness as part of a revengeRead MoreMadness And Madness In Hamlet1455 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Hamlet, a revenge tragedy, is about Hamlet, the prince of Denmark, trying to figure out the mist behind his father’s death. By talking to his father’s ghost, Hamlet realizes that his father, King Hamlet, was killed by his own uncle, Claudius† (Kara 2). Throughout the play, the theme of madness often occurs from multiple characters. Madness can be defined as a mental disability or a pathological condition of the mind eliminating all rational thoughts caused by an unthinkable injury. These injuriesRead MoreShakespeare s Madness : A Timeless Reflection Of Society1535 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s Madness: A Timeless Reflection of Society The word â€Å"madness† often provokes thoughts of schizophrenia, dementia, and psychosis; however, these illnesses prove not to be the exact cause of the various downfalls to the characters throughout the play Hamlet. The author, William Shakespeare, depicts a different type of insanity in the play, one that seems ambiguous but also feels eerily similar to ones that still affect others to this day. Shweta Bali, author of Mechanics of Madness in Hamlet, MacbethRead MoreThe Decision Of Hamlet s Mental State939 Words   |  4 PagesA theme of ‘madness’ is carefully and creatively manifested within Hamlet. A question that I intend to get out of the way fairly quickly would be the decision of Hamlet’s mental state. There is much controversy surrounding the idea of Hamlet’s madness, and textual evidence can support either side of the argument. However, madness is still at the heart of this play, whether it be real or feigned. Since we cannot prove Hamle t’s sanity, we may still act under the assumption that he has lost his holdRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet 952 Words   |  4 PagesTitle Here Madness is a central theme in Hamlet by William Shakespeare. Hamlet’s â€Å"antique disposition† (1.5) is used as a tool of manipulation. He acts mad in order to gain the upper hand over his enemies; he makes them believe his mind is elsewhere to distract them from his long-term goal of avenging his father with Claudius’s death. Hamlet’s portrayal of madness varies depending on which character he interacts with; with Polonius, he focuses on wordplay to make him seem outside of the situation

Essay on The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda...

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda Equiano The narrative by Olaudah Equiano gives an interesting perspective of slavery both within and outside of Africa in the eighteenth century. From these writings we can gain insight into the religion and customs of an African culture. We can also see how developed the system of trade was within Africa, and worldwide by this time. Finally, we hear an insiders view on being enslaved, how slaves were treated in Africa, and what the treatment of African slaves was like at the hands of the Europeans. Olaudah spends a good part of the narrative acquainting the reader with the customs of his people. He describes the importance of hygiene to his people. Their overall health and vigor was†¦show more content†¦They seemed, if we take him at his word, to be a friendly and civilized people. As he put it cheerfulness and affability are two of the leading characteristics of our nation. The village economy was particularly interesting, and Olaudahs descriptions are very revealing. His people needed guns because other villages had them. The guns were brought to Africa by the Europeans, who used them to trade. (That the Europeans both supplied and fulfilled this need bears mention.) Olaudah states that he had never seen a European; his people traded with wandering merchants who acted as middlemen. These middlemen traded guns for potash, which they probably used in trade again elsewhere. Later in his life Olaudah also saw iron pots, crossbows, and European cutlasses among African people. This clearly illustrates the trade that developed between coastal tribes and Europeans, and the existence of middlemen who worked along established trade routes. There is also evidence of the Columbian Exchange in this writing: the crops that Olaudah mentions his people raised. He says that they grew corn and tobacco, These crops were unknown in Afroeurasia before Columbus returned from the New World barely two hundred and fifty years earlier. These two crops traveled from the Western Hemisphere via very indirect trade routes, over a period of many years. They became staples in a rural village miles from the African coast. This shows the level of sophistication inShow MoreRelatedTriangular Trade Route And The Middle Passage Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagesso close together they were prone to getting disease, which would then lead to death. A famous African American, Olauda Equiano, wrote a book about his experience during the Middle Passage. Equiano wrote The closeness of the place and the heat of the climate, added to the number of the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us† (Equian o). Many slaves were beaten severely and some even jumped overboard. Death rates were so high that at the end of

What atmosphere does Lorca create in Blood Wedding and how does he create it Free Essays

The classical and highly acknowledged play Blood Wedding by Federico Garcia Lorca delivers many symbols and similes which communicates the themes of the play and also create an atmosphere which Lorca directs as he wants it. With an excellent skill of writing Lorca draws the audience into the surreal play with this intense atmosphere. It also makes the spectators understand the deeper meaning of the tale. We will write a custom essay sample on What atmosphere does Lorca create in Blood Wedding and how does he create it? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The atmosphere in the play is ever changing. It starts out as a heavy dark sinister foreboding, the semi-subconscious sense that death will take place in the play with the mentioning of the knife. When it is known that a marriage is to take place the atmosphere is slightly lifted in the joyous occasion. However Lorca quickly shows the conflicts that are taking place within Leonardo and the Bride, and also between them, and the now almost obvious menace that hangs over the setting. The realisation of Leonardo and the Bride’s act, confirming the growing tension, now gives expectations of the murder that has been suspected from the start. With the introduction of the Beggar and the Moon there is a violent and an intimidating atmosphere that is abruptly replaced by the calm sorrow of the last scene. It is easy to see how contradicting and profoundly complex the atmospheres are to each other through each scene, which then gives each more attention from the audience because of this. In the beginning when the Bridegroom and Mother are talking about something as common as the every-day job of going out to gather food it does not indicate any tension that will soon appear. However as soon as Mother curses the knife, â€Å"Damn the knife, damn them all and the devil who brought them into the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act 1, Scene 1) it is immediately clear that knife it something much more sinister than simply to cut grapes. The sudden contradiction and the fact that this particular symbol will dominate the play strongly marks the dark atmosphere. The constant mentioning of death indicates that this is, as Lorca meant to say, inevitable. This menacing atmosphere never leaves, but stays in the background through the play, since it is obvious that death will sooner or later take place. The tension rises when marriage is mentioned and it is immediately very clear that conflicting forces are behind these events. Leonardo and the Bride’s apparent dislike to their marriages which is seen very early on with Leonardo’s outbursts, â€Å"Why can’t you just shut up?† (Act 1, Scene 2) and the Bride’s aggressive manner, â€Å"taking her wrists Leave them!† (Act 1, Scene 3) confirms that trouble is rising on the horizon and, since the foreshadowing of death is already present, it leaves a breathless feeling, a surge of knowledge of what will happen. The actions of the characters also contribute to the atmosphere. When Leonardo at the wedding party keeps coming and going it gives him a sort of constant menacing aura that reminds us that this occasion is full of contradiction within. At the point when the Bride and Leonardo runs off and people starts to chase them it is like an explosion of events that has been predicted from the very beginning of the play. The Moon’s bloody and violent personality and its conversation with the Beggar tell of the murder that by now is already known to come to be. â€Å"Tonight, I want a heart split wide so that I may warm myself. A human heart for me!† (Act 3, Scene 1) However, it gives that little extra tension from the fact that the Moon may or may not be there to shine and reveal Leonardo and the Bride. â€Å"Quickly! Light†¦light everywhere. Do you here? They mustn’t escape.† (Beggar) (Act 3, Scene 1) The tale of Blood Wedding is told through usually short sentences. This very plain language gives us the sense of the straightforwardness of the peasant community, which then reassures us of an uneventful and calm society. This makes the different atmospheres in the play stand out, as they are certainly neither uneventful nor calm. The colours of each scene are also very important to bring forth the right kind of atmosphere and also the moral notions of the play. For example in the first scene the room is coloured yellow. People might interpret the meaning of colours differently but in the western world yellow is generally considered as the colour of treachery and infidelity. It makes a feeling of what might be expected to happen later on in the scene. There is also used music, â€Å"two violins†, to enhance the atmosphere. Personally I would expect the music that is played as a sad melody with a slight echo to it. This would create an atmosphere which would confirm even more the coming murder, but as there a few indications that the Bride and Leonardo might make it, for example the constant reappearing of the Moon, it makes the uncertainty stand out as the audience is suddenly left to wonder what will happen next. The complete transformation of atmosphere in the last scene is so sudden and unexpected that it leaves a sort of echo of the last scene. With this melancholy calmness it is also easier to bring about the more moralistic purposes of the play without the too fierce tensions that keeps the audience more focused on the events than the message of Blood Wedding. The women weeping and mourning for the dead is also a very good way to give a final feeling that makes the audience understand that the play is over and what consequences it brought, that is death. Lorca uses many skilful ways to make the atmosphere through Blood Wedding. With gestures, colour, music and symbolism the Spanish writer displays a very artistically body created for the play. It is as though Lorca decided to build up such a tense atmosphere just to make the audience hang on to every single word and so pay more attention to the final point made in the last scene, the fact that the Spanish society is very oppressed and that women are kept captured in it even when the men are dead and gone. How to cite What atmosphere does Lorca create in Blood Wedding and how does he create it?, Papers

War Is Kind free essay sample

War is Kind In Stephen Cranes poem â€Å"War is Kind,† He uses repetition, tone and imagery, to communicate his theme: war is not kind, it is horrible. Repetition is the most prominent literary element used by the author. One of the most repeated phrases is war is kind. Not only does it appear in the title, but it is repeated in lines 15, 12, 16, and 26. Crane illustrates that he is being verbally ironic. He does not mean that war is kind, but that war creates Misery. The phrase do not weep is also repeated several times throughout the poem. The phrase is repeated five times throughout the poem. The title shows the ironic tone of the poem, because it is very hard to imagine kindness in war. The beginning stanza confirms the tone while it addresses the lover of a soldier who has died in battle. The author tells the lover not to leave her soldier at death. We will write a custom essay sample on War Is Kind or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Followed by an overdramatic image of death, with the dying soldier throwing his wild hands towards the sky dictand the affrighted running on alone. Also, Crane uses imagery, â€Å"to show the gruesomeness of war. The â€Å"eagle with crest of red and gold† is a symbol of America in the war. The young men fight for this symbol and for the freedom of America, but the men think that they don’t have a choice in the war. In conclusion I was able to comprehend Stephen Crane’s poem â€Å"War is Kind. † I see this poem as Crane expressing his anger towards the pointless death of young men in war. Crane’s philosophy about war seems to be that death is glorified, and that the military throws away young men’s lives and tears families apart. The poem seems to glorify war, but in an ironic, sarcastic manner so that Crane’s true feeling about war are revealed.

More than One Kind of Irony

More than One Kind of Irony More than One Kind of Irony More than One Kind of Irony By Maeve Maddox Irony and its adjective ironic have joined the class of carelessly used words–like literally and awesome–that drive many language lovers wild. As early as 1926 H.W. Fowler decried the use of irony and ironic to refer to happenings that are merely coincidental or odd. For example, if I run into you in Walmart and an hour later bump into you at OfficeMax, that’s not ironic; it’s a coincidence. If I’m driving to school with barely enough time to make it to class on time and get stuck at a train crossing, that’s annoying or frustrating, but it’s not ironic. Fowler describes three kinds of irony: Socratic irony, dramatic irony, and the irony of Fate. Socratic irony takes its name from the philosopher Socrates who would pretend to be ignorant, so as to encourage his students to argue their beliefs. The television detective Columbo is a master at this kind of irony. Just as Socrates used apparently innocent questions to show up his students’ shaky arguments, Columbo uses feigned humility and ignorance to lure his suspects into talking too much and revealing their guilt. Dramatic irony is the irony of classical Greek drama, written for an audience that knew the details of the drama being presented. This kind of irony produces goose bumps in the audience or reader. When Oedipus swears he’ll bring his father’s murderer to justice, the audience knows that Oedipus is his father’s murderer. When Oedipus innocently marries Jocasta, the audience knows that she’s his mother. Strong stuff, dramatic irony. Novelists set it up by letting the reader know what the characters do not. Irony of Fate occurs when misfortune is the result of Fate, Chance, or God. In Fowler’s words, â€Å"Nature persuades most of us that the course of events is within wide limits foreseeable, that things will follow their usual course† If you watched the video clips of the floods that ravaged England in early 2014, you may have seen the pictures of the fabulous, recently completed mansion, its four-acre grounds ringed by a protective moat; despite the owner’s efforts, the waters triumphed. This is an example of the irony of Fate or Chance, also called cosmic irony. Reedsy defines it from the point of view of writers: Irony is a storytelling tool used to create contrast between how things seem and how they really are beneath the surface. The term â€Å"ironic† comes from the Latin word ironia, which means â€Å"feigned ignorance.† Two other types of irony not mentioned by Fowler are â€Å"verbal irony† and â€Å"situational irony.† Verbal irony occurs when a person says one thing, but means another, for example, saying â€Å"Lucky me!† when you slip on the ice and break your arm. Situational irony is similar to cosmic irony. You go into a situation expecting one outcome, but experience the opposite result. The O. Henry story â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† is built on situational irony: the wife sells her hair to buy her husband a watch fob; the husband sells his watch to buy his wife a decorative comb. The irony is that neither spouse can use the thoughtful gift. Irony has more than one meaning, but â€Å"coincidental† and â€Å"odd† are not among them. Related article: What Is Irony? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeoplePeace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindSupervise vs. Monitor

Learn How to Tell Time in Italian

Learn How to Tell Time in Italian The simplest way to inquire about the time in Italian is by using the verb essere: Che ore sono? Che ora à ¨? – What time is it? You can use the above sentences interchangeably when asking about the time, but when responding you will always use sono le unless you are talking about 1 p.m. in the 12 hour clock (à © luna) or mezzogiorno and mezzanotte: Sono le diciassette. – It is the 17th hour or 5 pm.È mezzogiorno. – Its noon. Be Polite But even better, if you want to be polite add an excuse me into the mix: Mi scusi, che ora à ¨? – Excuse me, what time is it?Mi scusi, che ore sono? – Excuse me, what time is it? The two questions have the same meaning and basic structure. The difference is that the first uses ora à ¨? (is it now?), while the second uses sono le? (is it?). Both uses are perfectly acceptable, but the first conveys a slightly greater sense of immediacy. Useful Vocabulary: Morning, Afternoon, Evening and Night To indicate a.m. add di mattina: Sono le 11 di mattina. – It’s 11 in the morning. To indicate afternoon add del pomeriggio (12 noon to 5 pm): Sono le 2 del pomeriggio. – It’s 2 in the afternoon. To indicate evening use di sera . This period of time changes with seasons but it usually sits between the afternoon and the late night, from 5 pm to 9 or 10 pm: Sono le sei di sera. – It’s 6 in the evening. To indicate night time use di notte (10 pm to early morning): Sono le 3 di notte. – It’s three in the morning. Must-Know Vocabulary Words Additionally, there are a number of important words and phrases to know in relation to telling time in Italian. Heres a brief list with their English equivalents: Una mezz’ora (A half hour):Mamma arriva tra mezzora. – Mom arrives in thirty minutes.Un quarto d’ora (A quarter of an hour):Ho bisogno di un quarto dora per farmi una doccia. – I need 15 minutes to take a shower.A volte (Sometimes):A volte mi prendo un caffà ¨. – Sometimes I buy myself a coffee.Due volte al giorno (Twice a day):Passeggio al cane due volte al giorno. – I walk the dog twice a day.Tutti i giorni (Every day):Io vado al gym tutti i giorni. – I go to the gym every day.Ogni tanto (From time to time):Ogni tanto visito la mia zia in Chicago. – From time to time I visit my aunt in Chicago.Mancano cinque minuti alle... (It’s five minutes to...)Mancano cinque minuti alle 3 pm. – Its five to 3 pm.A che ora chiude? (What time does it close?):A che ora chiude la piscina? – What time does the pool close?A che ora apre? (What time does it open?):A che ora apre il panificio? – What time does the baker y open?A che ora comincia? (What time does it start?):A che ora comincia il film? – What time does the movie start? Reminder Dont forget that the 24 hour clock usage is widespread in Italy and most parts of Europe. In short, 1 p.m. is expressed as 13:00, while 5:30 p.m. is 17:30. An appointment or invitation for 19:30 is meant for 7:30 p.m. But the 12 hour clock is well known and everyone will understand when you use it. Finally, the months, as well as the days of the week in Italian, will give you more vocabulary and broaden your skills in the language.

The importance of the perception communication at work depending on Dissertation

The importance of the perception communication at work depending on the Generation X and Generation Y - Dissertation Example These diverse attitudes and principles translate differently in a workplace context, with both generations having unique values associated with what constitutes an effective and motivational business model. There are significant gaps in research literature describing what specific characteristics of a business model will motivate and inspire workers to achieve top quality performance in the job roles of Generation X and Generation Y. In most respects, knowledge on both generations tends to illustrate Generation X as an independent and headstrong generation with pre-established principles and values. In opposite accord, Generation Y is presented as more liberal, flexible, and success-minded in the organisational context. This sizeable gap in knowledge specifically includes knowledge of the importance of communications for both generations. ... 1.1 Research aims and objectives The aim of this research project is to determine the level of importance of communications in the workplace as it pertains to both generations. This is to determine if communications strategies can be an effective motivational model for both Generation X and Generation Y. This study maintains three specific objectives: Determine what actually motivates both Gen X and Gen Y in a workplace context Determine how both generations perceive communications as a motivational tool Identify proven models of motivation that have been effective in boosting performance for both Generation X and Generation Y. The study will consult with various secondary literature sources to paint a portrait of both generations, with special focus on attitudes, principles, experiences, and expectations for an organisational job role. Results of findings will be compared to a primary research project (which is described in this proposal’s methodology section) to determine wh ether communications can be considered a viable motivational model for both generations or for a single generation. The results of this study should assist in closing some of the gaps in literature that currently exists regarding motivational strategies for both generations and recommend a new model of motivation that could potentially improve business culture and strategic performance when applied to Gen X and Gen Y. The goal of the project is to create an innovation in knowledge about both generations that can provide new direction for managers in organisations that struggle with Gen X and Gen Y employees to gain top quality performance and dedication to meet strategic goals both short- and

Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Movie Review Example Moreover, they can be personal as well as professional. To maintain interpersonal relationships, it is necessary that people use effective communication. For that, not only is it necessary for people to be able to send an intelligible message, but for the other person, for whom the message is intended, to be able to receive and decipher it clearly as well. Lacking clear communication, the relationship can be complicated by creating conflict therein. An excellent way to illustrate interpersonal relationships and the communication they involve would be through the movie The Hours, where many such interpersonal relationships along with the intricacies thereof have been portrayed. Stephen Daldry’s The Hours is based on the novel by the same name by Michael Cunningham, and relates three different stories, set in three different times and settings about three different women and their lives, the only thing similar between them being the novel Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf. The mov ie relates a day in the lives of these three women and those around them, and is a good illustration of various interpersonal relationships as well as the dynamics thereof. ... It is clear that Virginia has a very loving relationship with her husband. The concern that Leonard has for her is clear, and what is more, he expresses it clearly, too. In the beginning, after the doctor’s visit, when Virginia comes down, he expresses her concern clearly when he insists that she eat something. Furthermore, towards the end of the movie, when they are at the train station, Leonard tells her how he lives in constant fear that she would kill herself, and that the reason they moved to the suburbs is because of her health. It is easy to see just how much concern and love Leonard has for Virginia, and what is more he also expresses it to her clearly as well. This love is clearly reciprocated, through words as well as gestures, by Virginia as well. Right down to her suicide note, whereby she says that he has given her the greatest possible happiness, and that she does not think two people could be any happier than them. When it comes to her sister, Vanessa, however, there is a distinct lack of open interpersonal communication. While Virginia tries to talk about her illness and her absence from London, Vanessa seems intent on changing the topic and not talking openly. Vanessa does not express her fears and her trepidations about Virginia’s health, nor does she openly inquire after them to allay them, and perhaps because of that reason she tends to be â€Å"scared† of her sister. It is clear that Virginia does not like that, and she tries to communicate her dissatisfaction to her sister, but as it is necessary for interpersonal communication for the other person to be receptive to one’s message, which clearly Vanessa is not, it has not effect. In the second story arc there is Laura, who lives with

A Comparison of Hawthornes Works :: essays papers

A Comparison of Hawthornes Works A Comparison of Hawthorne's Works In both of Hawthorne's short stories and The Scarlet Letter, the author uses distinct symbolisms that have more than one meaning. In The Scarlet Letter, the red rose bush and the weeds located at the entrance of the prison symbolize both good and evil. Throughout the novel, the rose bush represents Pearl, and how good things can come out of bad experiences. Hawthorne suggests the red rose as being "some sweet moral blossom", and represents Hester's relationship as a love both good and bad. Also in The Scarlet Letter, the letter "A" symbolizes more than one thing. The first and clearest form of the letter is that of "Adultery". It is apparent that Hester is guilty of cheating on her husband when she surfaces from the prison with a three-month-old-child in her arms, while her husband has been away for two years. The second form that it takes is "Angel." When Governor Winthrop passes away, a giant "A" appears in the sky. People from the church feel that, "For as our good Govern or Winthrop was made an angel this past night, it was doubtless held fit that there should be some notice thereof!" The final form that the scarlet letter take is "Able." Hester helped the people of the town so unselfishly that Hawthorne wrote that because such helpfulness was found in her, "The people refused to interpret the scarlet "A" by its original significance". They said that it meant Able; "So strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman's strength." While the letter "A" is a most complex and misunderstood symbol, Pearl is even more so. Throughout the story, she develops into a dynamic symbol - one that is always changing. God's treatment of Hester for her sin was quite different than just a physical token: He gave Hester the punishment of bearing a very unique child which she named Pearl. This punishment handed down from God was a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she had done wrong, and she could not escape it. In this aspect, Pearl symbolized God's way of punishing Hester for adultery. In Hawthorne's short stories, The Minister's Black Veil, in particular, the black veil worn by the minister suggests more than one meaning. It shows sin, darkness, concealment, and death all in one.

How Does Othello’s Character Change Throughout the Play? Essay

In order to understand how Othello changes throughout the play, we have to first take a look at the types of the relationships in the play as his behaviour changes directly links to the influences by the other people whom he has deep relationships. There are two types of relationships, one that is between female characters and between male characters. Both have deep bonds between each other. However women friendships are more emotional. Emotions are very strong and are deeply intertwined with trust. Love, hatred, jealousy and admiration are often mixed up and polar emotions show how strong the bond is. This also links that women are more vulnerable to be influenced, however once a strong bond is formed, it is hard to tear it apart, even though they can be quite sensitive. Within the men friendships, it is apparent that men do not heavily rely on their emotions and they have mutual understanding, â€Å"I have your back and you have my back†. Othello did try to not believe Iago so easily but the circumstances were in his favour because Iago’s wife was doing Iago’s dirty work without even knowing. He was also wrong about Iago not only about the fact that he was honest but the fact that he thought Iago would be truthful to him even after not giving the promotion to him. Shakespeare transformed the one he found in the story, and invented the character of Roderigo to bear that vulgar part. Then he invents a second motive for Iago, and makes him hate Othello also for his supposed relations with Emilia. By way of revenge for this offence, Iago’s first impulse is to try to corrupt Desdemona, and thus get even with Othello. But how little this was his intention is seen by the fact that he never seems to have seriously considered it. In place of this, however, he has an alternative that becomes his ruling motive, to put Othello into a jealousy of Cassio. This he thinks will serve to revenge himself on Othello for both offences at one blow: And nothing can, or shall content my soul Till I am even’d with him, wife, for wife. Or failing so, yet that I put the Moor At least into a jealousy so strong That judgment cannot cure. (II. i. 331-5.) Othello is also gullible, he trusts men more than women because he might not understand women and their relationships. He gives us feeling that he believes in stereotype women which are wicked, vulnerable, twisted and are traitors who lie all the time. Ironically, that stereotype applies to Iago whom Othello trusts more than his beloved Desdemona. The main villain who affected Othello the most has a hatred motive however hatred is supposed to have a cause, some concrete event or insult that inspires a lasting rage. But in Othello, the play’s villain is motivated by a hatred that seems to elude any reasonable definition. Iago’s hatred and his determination to destroy his boss Othello, seems out of proportion with the reasons he gives for it: anger that Othello did not promote him or jealousy that Othello might have slept with Iago’s wife. Iago’s loathing has been famously called a â€Å"motiveless malignancy† that redefines our understanding of hatred, making it seem a self-propelling passion rather than the consequence of any particular action.

Sanskrit

Sanskrit is an ancient Indo-European language, the root of many modern Indian languages, and it remains one of Indias 22 official languages to this day.  Sanskrit also functions as the primary liturgical language of Hinduism and Jainism, and it plays an important role in the Buddhist scripture as well.  Where did Sanskrit come from, and why is it controversial in India? Sanskrit The word Sanskrit means sanctified or refined.  The earliest known work in Sanskrit is the Rigveda, a collection of Brahmanical texts, which dates to c. 1500 to 1200 BCE.  (Brahmanism was the early precursor to Hinduism.)  The Sanskrit language developed out of proto-Indo-European, which is the root of most languages in Europe, Persia (Iran), and India.  Its closest cousins are Old Persian, and Avestan, which is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. Pre-Classical Sanskrit, including the language of the Rigveda, is called Vedic Sanskrit.  A later form, called Classical Sanskrit, is distinguished by the grammar standards laid out by a scholar called Panini, writing in the 4th century BCE.  Panini defined a bewildering 3,996 rules for syntax, semantics, and morphology in Sanskrit. Classical Sanskrit spawned the majority of the hundreds of modern languages spoken across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka today.  Some of its daughter languages include Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, Nepali, Balochi, Gujarati, Sinhalese, and Bengali. The array of spoken languages that arose from Sanskrit is matched by the vast number of different scripts in which Sanskrit can be written.  Most commonly, people use the Devanagari alphabet.  However, almost every other Indic alphabet has been used to write in Sanskrit at one time or another.  The Siddham, Sharda, and Grantha alphabets are used exclusively for Sanskrit, and the language is also written in scripts from other countries, such as Thai, Khmer, and Tibetan. As of the most recent census, only 14,000 people out of 1,252,000,000 in India speak Sanskrit as their primary language.  It is used widely in religious ceremonies; thousands of Hindu hymns and mantras are recited in Sanskrit.  In addition, many of the oldest Buddhist scriptures are written in Sanskrit, and Buddhist chants also commonly feature the liturgical language that was familiar to Siddhartha Gautama, the Indian prince who became the Buddha.  Many of the Brahmins and Buddhist monks who chant in Sanskrit today do not understand the actual meaning of the words they speak.  Most linguists thus consider Sanskrit a dead language.   A movement in modern India is seeking to revive Sanskrit as a spoken language for everyday use.  This movement is tied to Indian nationalism, but is opposed by speakers of non-Indo-European languages including the Dravidic-language speakers of southern India, such as the Tamils.  Given the antiquity of the language, its relative rarity in daily use today, and its lack of universality, the fact that it remains one of Indias official languages is somewhat odd.  Its as if the European Union made Latin an official language of all of its member-states.